GTK4 is what I meant to say. To me, it’s the same as GTK+, because that was the original name. Just like I spell nvidia as nVidia, because that’s how it was spelt back in the early 2000s. It sticks

I’d suggest against dual booting not because it’s difficult to setup, but because Windows WILL eventually wipe out your boot manager that Linux would install to boot both OSes. After 1-2 major Win updates, it usually also updates the bootmanager, overwriting your Linux one. So instead, I’d suggest you just buy a PCI nvme card ($12, if your PC doesn’t have space for a 2nd one), add an nvme storage ssd ($35) on it, and then disconnect the Windows drive while you’re installing Linux. Linux will then install the bootmanager on its own nvme only. Then, you re-connect the Windows drive, and then you can press F12 upon booting (well, it’s usually f12 or f10), to tell your UEFI firmware which drive to boot each time (so basically, you’d use your firmware as your bootmanager, per-drive, instead of grub or windows boot manager as per-partition). This way, no one is stepping into the other’s territory at any point.

I’d suggest you start with Linux Mint. You can burn a usb drive to test drive it before you do all that, to make sure it works well with your PC. I suggest you use the Edge version of it, that has a newer kernel (so it has a better chance of supporting your PC).

Ιt depends on your competence. My mom’s laptop is Debian with XFCE (2 GB RAM old Chromebook converted to run Debian) and of course, she doesn’t use the terminal. But then again, she doesn’t even know how to open a new tab on Chrome. She just uses 1 tab at the time (which is why it’s enough with 2 GB of RAM). So she’s never going to see a terminal in her life, and it’s going to work just fine for her, since the only thing she does on a computer is load 1 tab on Chrome, and mostly use Facebook, or youtube, or news/recipe sites that I have put on her bookmark bar. When the computer needs to be updated, I do it for her once a month or so (using the terminal).

But if you’re trying to do a lot more than that, then maybe, sometimes, you will need to fix or change things using the terminal.

It depends if you’re using Gnome or KDE. If you prefer KDE, use Qt. If you prefer Gnome’s interface ideas (that looks quite different), use GTK+ with libadwaita. GTK+ has good bindings for Python, and Rust, and a new, rather Gnome-specific language, Vala.

Torvalds only worked on the kernel, not a whole OS. Also, it isn’t true that he was alone in the first couple of years. He had commits by others almost immediately after release.

What I like from Endless is that it always shows the app icons when no app is open. IMHO, that’s the correct UI, not an empty desktop.

At the same time, I can’t quite get that distro very seriously. It’s just one guy working on it.

I dislike modern pop’s mixing of the human voice, mixed so high compared to the rest, to the point where you can’t hear instruments anymore. The music is often there just for accompanyment, elevetor music. I rather have chillwave, where everything is one big reverb trick pony, than having to hear people screaming.

As far as I know, SSR doesn’t work with wayland. Kooha seems nice though, even if I can’t try it (I don’t use flatpaks).

A wayland screen recorder. Not everyone needs a complex app like obs. Also, a jellyfin/emby front end maybe?

There are many multimedia solutions for ARM (e.g. libreelec, kodi, plex, jellyfin etc etc), however, these work best for non-big-streaming sites. The moment you’re after a really good youtube experience, or netflix/disney+/etc, then things start break down for various reasons.

Personally, I’d just install the default Raspbian OS (maybe even just DietPi), making sure that their Firefox or Chromium supports drm websites, and then I’d connect the Pi to the TV, and then I’d use a keyboard + touchpad, like this one: https://www.amazon.com/Logitech-Wireless-Keyboard-Touchpad-PC-connected/dp/B014EUQOGK/ This allows you to use the machine exactly the way you need it to, without bad surprises and incompatibilities. Not the way you want it to, but more like the way you need it to.

Also, please note that if you’re having a Pi with only 1 GB of RAM, it won’t be enough for what you’re having in mind. I have a 3B+ with 1 GB of RAM, and my Emby server (music only!) constantly needs more than 1 GB of RAM, resulting in the Pi to swap, which means that it wears out the microSD a lot.

Finally, if all else fails get an AppleTV, or a Chromecast with AndroidTV, or a Roku if you’re in the US, but I think the desktop/browser solution can be workable. Not pretty, but most workable for DRM streaming services.

No, that mobile OS is not ready, and probably won’t ever be. I have it installed on an OnePlusOne, it’s just alpha. Postmarket OS is much better and further along, but still not good for day to day usage. I eventually ended up on Murena e/OS, which is based on a more private, totally de-googled version of LineageOS (which is Android).

No, it can’t be done that on kde or gnome. Here are two such questions on the “other” site, as some people have offered some workarounds there in the comments: https://www.reddit.com/r/kde/comments/bxrrn3/is_there_any_way_to_separate_kde/ and https://www.reddit.com/r/kde/comments/lijbee/multi_monitor_independent_desktop_workspace/

Ι don’t agree with what they did. They removed browser integration, not just the “favicon” thing. If this was a problem for normal users, well, normal users would just use Firefox’s built-in password manager, not keepassxc. That change made the app useless to me, and going forward it will be a headache for NEW users who won’t know of the -full package. It was a bad decision.

I personally don’t have a problem with run0 over sudo, however, I don’t want to have to remember to use a different command on the terminal. Just rename it “sudo”, and do the new stuff with it. Just don’t bother me having to remember new commands.

I used to install interesting and cool distros back in the 2000s. Now, I personally just want stability, and not bad surprises. So when I distro-hop, I only do it among well known, largely stable and well supported distros (e.g. mint, debian, fedora, ubuntu). I don’t go for the weird anymore, although I did install Alpine on qemu in order to try it out. And the few times I feel adventurous, I try BSD or Haiku OSes.

I’m using a 32" 4k monitor without scaling, even if my eyesight is not the best. I have no trouble at all with it. It’s the more common 27" 4k monitors that have tiny fonts and need scaling. But 32", 4k it’s fine at 100%!

As for 1080p, it’s enough for most things. You mentioned the dpi comparing it to a 24" 4k monitor, but why would you need 24" for a 1080p monitor? Anything above 20" is a waste for 1080p.

For your desktop, I suggest you install Linux Mint (Edge edition, to make sure the newer kernel included there supports your hardware better). After installing it, right click on the panel, and install the ‘Cinnamenu’ applet (it’s available for download from the window that opens when you click Applets). Then, place it where you want after enabling “panel editing”, and then right click the new menu to customize it as you like. Cinnamenu is a more modern-looking menu than the default Mint, with larger icons. Please note that in June or July, there’s going to be a brand new, major version of Mint. Think of Mint as how Windows should have been, a better version of it. This is my Linux Mint laptop: https://files.mastodon.social/media_attachments/files/112/253/256/932/509/491/original/6183bb790dcb8365.jpg

Now, if you want something that is closer to MacOS’ look and feel, then you would need to install Gnome, and use Gnome extensions to enable the dock to stick to the main desktop. For a Gnome distro, there’s Fedora 40, the new Ubuntu, or Debian (IMHO, the most stable of the lot, but slightly older software version). This is my Gnome desktop: https://files.mastodon.social/media_attachments/files/112/349/393/342/603/119/original/3c3c5c7e35ac726e.png

And if you have a large hard drive, feel free to install 3 of these (e.g. Mint, Debian or Ubuntu with Gnome, Fedora KDE), to test drive them all. They can all happily live next to each other in separate partitions. Just make sure you create a /boot partition (this holds the bootloader for all OSes), and then 3 large ones to put the / (root) partitions of each distro (these will hold the actual OS for each).

I’ve been putting together a lot of old laptops for friends and family, so here’s my opinion based on my experience:

Your CPU speed is ok (that CPU scores 932 passmark points, which is ok for dekstop usage and youtube at 360p (you should set up his youtube at 360p, and to not autoplay). If this was Chrome, that cpu could do 480p, but firefox is much slower than chrome on youtube. The difference in speed is not visible on fast systems, but it is visible on very old ones (anything less than 1500 passmark points).

Your biggest problem is the RAM. You have only 2.77 GB of RAM, which is NOT enough for normal web browsing in this day and age – if you’re using lots of tabs. The moment you will open more than 2-3 tabs with heavy websites (e.g. facebook, nytimes, and linkedin), you will start swapping like crazy with Cinnamon. So your user will always have to be conscious of what apps they have open (and make sure you configure 4 GB of swap too, just in case).

Mate and XFCE should be using less RAM, indeed (about 600-800 MB instead of 1.3 GB on Cinnamon). I find XFCE more stable personally, and it only uses 100 MB more RAM than Mate on average. The only good thing Mate has over XFCE is that it comes with a user administrative gui app. I usually install that on xfce (“mate-user-admin”).

While the normal Debian has outdated packages as you said, I’m using Debian-testing (rolling release), and it works great for me. It has newer packages, and it’s surprisingly stable. In my experience, more stable than Arch, and it has a larger repo than Tumbleweed.

For graphics stuff you will be using Gimp, Inkscape, and Krita. No adjustment layers, or cmyk, sorry. If that is enough for you, good, if not, you’re out of luck.

For 3D modelling, only Blender.

For video, DaVinci only works sometimes, depending on distro, version of the app, drivers installed etc. It’s a bit of a crapshoot. A good alternative is kdenlive if you don’t need hardware acceleration, proper color grading and film emulation, or compositing.

Google laid off most Dart/Flutter developers just a week ago or so.

Thunar for file manager, not Nautilus. Nautilus crashes in folders that has hundreds of svg files in it (e.g. a theme folder), or when you’re trying to copy a 30 gb folder to a new folder on the same secondary drive (it only copied 9 GB out of the 30, all files were owned by me). Both bugs bit me just the other day.